Markdown R Cheatsheet
Markdown is a an easy-to use, lightweight markup language with syntax that maximizes readability and ergonomics while writing and makes publishing for the web super easy. It was created by John Gruber and Aaron Swartz, and is now used on thousands of websites and inside some of the world's most popular open source projects. Install R Markdown. R Markdown is a free, open source tool that is installed like any other R.
Get Started Cheat Sheet Basic Syntax Extended Syntax Tools Book. The Markdown Guide is a free and open-source reference guide that explains how to use Markdown, the simple and easy-to-use markup language you can use to format virtually any document. Beat Triplebyte's online coding quiz. Get offers from top companies. The first official book authored by the core R Markdown developers that provides a comprehensive and accurate reference to the R Markdown ecosystem. With R Markdown, you can easily create reproducible data analysis reports, presentations, dashboards, interactive applications, books, dissertations, websites, and journal articles, while enjoying the simplicity of Markdown and the great power of. When you render, R Markdown 1. Runs the R code, embeds results and text into.md file with knitr 2. Then converts the.md file into the finished format with pandoc.
Markdown
Paragraphs
Separate paragraphs with a blank line.
Start each heading with one or more hashes, followed by a space.
*— ItalicWrap the words in single asterisks.
Wrap the words in double asterisks.
-— Unordered listStart each line with a dash and a space.
Indent before the dash for nested lists.
Start each line with a number, period & space.
Indent before the number for nested lists.
[]()— Link[]— link text inside square brackets.()— link URL inside round brackets.
Start with an exclamation point.
[]— alt text inside square brackets.()— image URL inside round brackets.
---— Horizontal ruleThree consecutive dashes on a single line.
Surround code inside other text with single backticks.
```— Code blockStart a line with three backticks to make a code block.
End the code block with three more backticks on their own line.
Optionally specify the code language after the opening backticks.
Non standard. Start a list and used square brackets with a space to denote a task.
Put an “x” between the square brackets to mark it as complete.
YAML
Always indent with two spaces.
Start with a term, no spaces, followed by a colon and a space.
Indent to create nested objects.
- value— ArraysStart with a dash, and a space.
Arrays inside objects:
Objects inside arrays.
Surround text with quotes (double or single) to escape text.
In all the previous examples the quotes aren’t really necessary. But I find myself almost always adding them for clarity and to prevent myself from having to think about whether I need to escape the or not.
>— Folded text blockStart with a greater than, and indent the next lines.
The text will be collapsed into a single line when parsed.
Start with a vertical pipe, and indent the next lines.
The text will keep its multiple lines when parsed.
---— Front matterYAML can be used at the top of Markdown documents to add more structured data.
Surround the YAML with two lines of consecutive dashes.
2.5 Markdown syntax
The text in an R Markdown document is written with the Markdown syntax. Precisely speaking, it is Pandoc’s Markdown. There are many flavors of Markdown invented by different people, and Pandoc’s flavor is the most comprehensive one to our knowledge. You can find the full documentation of Pandoc’s Markdown at https://pandoc.org/MANUAL.html. We strongly recommend that you read this page at least once to know all the possibilities with Pandoc’s Markdown, even if you will not use all of them. This section is adapted from Section 2.1 of Xie (2016), and only covers a small subset of Pandoc’s Markdown syntax.
2.5.1 Inline formatting
Inline text will be italic if surrounded by underscores or asterisks, e.g., _text_ or *text*. Bold text is produced using a pair of double asterisks (**text**). A pair of tildes (~) turn text to a subscript (e.g., H~3~PO~4~ renders H3PO4). A pair of carets (^) produce a superscript (e.g., Cu^2+^ renders Cu2+).
To mark text as inline code, use a pair of backticks, e.g., `code`. To include (n) literal backticks, use at least (n+1) backticks outside, e.g., you can use four backticks to preserve three backtick inside: ```` ```code``` ````, which is rendered as ```code```.
Hyperlinks are created using the syntax [text](link), e.g., [RStudio](https://www.rstudio.com). The syntax for images is similar: just add an exclamation mark, e.g., . Footnotes are put inside the square brackets after a caret ^[], e.g., ^[This is a footnote.].
There are multiple ways to insert citations, and we recommend that you use BibTeX databases, because they work better when the output format is LaTeX/PDF. Section 2.8 of Xie (2016) has explained the details. The key idea is that when you have a BibTeX database (a plain-text file with the conventional filename extension .bib) that contains entries like:
You may add a field named bibliography to the YAML metadata, and set its value to the path of the BibTeX file. Then in Markdown, you may use @R-base (which generates “R Core Team (2021)”) or [@R-base] (which generates “(R Core Team 2021)”) to reference the BibTeX entry. Pandoc will automatically generated a list of references in the end of the document.
2.5.2 Block-level elements
Section headers can be written after a number of pound signs, e.g.,
If you do not want a certain heading to be numbered, you can add {-} or {.unnumbered} after the heading, e.g.,
Unordered list items start with *, -, or +, and you can nest one list within another list by indenting the sub-list, e.g.,
The output is:
- one item
- one item
- one item
- one more item
- one more item
- one more item
Ordered list items start with numbers (you can also nest lists within lists), e.g.,
The output does not look too much different with the Markdown source:
- the first item
- the second item
- the third item
- one unordered item
- one unordered item
Blockquotes are written after >, e.g.,
The actual output (we customized the style for blockquotes in this book):
“I thoroughly disapprove of duels. If a man should challenge me,I would take him kindly and forgivingly by the hand and lead himto a quiet place and kill him.”
— Mark Twain
Plain code blocks can be written after three or more backticks, and you can also indent the blocks by four spaces, e.g.,
In general, you’d better leave at least one empty line between adjacent but different elements, e.g., a header and a paragraph. This is to avoid ambiguity to the Markdown renderer. For example, does “#” indicate a header below?
R Markdown Cheat Sheet 2020
And does “-” mean a bullet point below?
Different flavors of Markdown may produce different results if there are no blank lines.
2.5.3 Math expressions
Inline LaTeX equations can be written in a pair of dollar signs using the LaTeX syntax, e.g., $f(k) = {n choose k} p^{k} (1-p)^{n-k}$ (actual output: (f(k)={n choose k}p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k})); math expressions of the display style can be written in a pair of double dollar signs, e.g., $$f(k) = {n choose k} p^{k} (1-p)^{n-k}$$, and the output looks like this:
[fleft(kright)=binom{n}{k}p^kleft(1-pright)^{n-k}]
You can also use math environments inside $ $ or $$ $$, e.g.,
[begin{array}{ccc}x_{11} & x_{12} & x_{13}x_{21} & x_{22} & x_{23}end{array}]
[X = begin{bmatrix}1 & x_{1}1 & x_{2}1 & x_{3}end{bmatrix}]
R Markdown Tutorial
[Theta = begin{pmatrix}alpha & betagamma & deltaend{pmatrix}]
Markdown Cheatsheet Underline
[begin{vmatrix}a & bc & dend{vmatrix}=ad-bc]